Match List I with List II:
List-I (Environmental Policy)
- (a) Wildlife Conservation Strategy
- (b) National Biodiversity Action Plan
- (c) National Forest Policy
- (d) National Zoo Policy
List-II (Year)
- (i) 2014
- (ii) 1991
- (iii) 2002
- (iv) 1988
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation:
The correct matching is as follows:
- (a) Wildlife Conservation Strategy: (iii) 2002. This is the second National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016), often referred to as the conservation strategy.
- (b) National Biodiversity Action Plan: (i) 2014. The original NBAP was from 2008, but it was updated with a significant “Addendum 2014” to align with the global Aichi Targets.
- (c) National Forest Policy: (iv) 1988. This is the cornerstone policy that prioritizes conservation and people’s participation.
- (d) National Zoo Policy: (ii) 1991. The Wildlife (Protection) Act was amended in 1991 to establish the Central Zoo Authority (CZA), which is the key event linked to this policy’s origin.
📚 Additional Info: Key Environmental Policies
(c) National Forest Policy, 1988
- Year: 1988.
- Key Objective: A major shift from commercial exploitation to conservation and environmental stability.
- Core Principles:
- Maintaining ecological balance and restoring degraded forests.
- Meeting the fuelwood, fodder, and timber needs of rural and tribal populations.
- Promoting a massive people’s movement (like Joint Forest Management – JFM) for forest protection.
- Aims to have 33% of India’s land area under forest cover.
(d) National Zoo Policy, 1991/1992
- Year: Linked to the 1991 amendment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which created the Central Zoo Authority (CZA). The policy was formally adopted in 1992.
- Key Objective: To transform zoos from mere entertainment centers to centers for conservation.
- Core Principles:
- To complement in-situ conservation (in the wild) with ex-situ conservation (in zoos).
- Focus on conservation breeding of endangered species.
- Promote research, education, and awareness.
(a) Wildlife Conservation Strategy, 2002
- Year: 2002. This is the National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP) for 2002-2016.
- Key Objective: To provide a roadmap for wildlife conservation in the 21st century.
- Core Principles:
- Focus on people’s participation and involvement of local communities in conservation.
- Strengthening and expanding the Protected Area (PA) network.
- Control of poaching and illegal wildlife trade.
(b) National Biodiversity Action Plan, 2014
- Year: Original plan in 2008; Addendum in 2014.
- Key Objective: To implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in India. The 2014 addendum integrated the 12 National Biodiversity Targets, which are India’s version of the global Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
- Core Principles:
- Conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits.
- Protecting traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity.