Complex Analysis Solution
HPAS 2014 – Question 5(a)
We are given \( u – v \). A standard technique involves constructing a new function \( F(z) \) such that its real part corresponds to the given value.
Let us define:
$$ F(z) = (1+i)f(z) $$Expanding this using \( f(z) = u + iv \):
$$ F(z) = (1+i)(u+iv) = (u – v) + i(u + v) $$Let \( F(z) = U + iV \). Here, the real part is:
$$ U = u – v = e^x(\cos y – \sin y) $$Since \( f(z) \) is analytic, \( F(z) \) is also analytic.
We use the Milne-Thomson method to find \( F(z) \) directly from its real part \( U \).
First, find the partial derivatives of \( U \) with respect to \( x \) and \( y \):
1. Derivative with respect to x:
$$ \phi_1(x, y) = \frac{\partial U}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}[e^x(\cos y – \sin y)] $$ $$ \phi_1(x, y) = e^x(\cos y – \sin y) $$2. Derivative with respect to y:
$$ \phi_2(x, y) = \frac{\partial U}{\partial y} = e^x \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(\cos y – \sin y) $$ $$ \phi_2(x, y) = e^x(-\sin y – \cos y) = -e^x(\sin y + \cos y) $$According to the Milne-Thomson method:
$$ F'(z) = \phi_1(z, 0) – i\phi_2(z, 0) $$Calculate \( \phi_1(z, 0) \):
$$ \phi_1(z, 0) = e^z(\cos 0 – \sin 0) = e^z(1 – 0) = e^z $$Calculate \( \phi_2(z, 0) \):
$$ \phi_2(z, 0) = -e^z(\sin 0 + \cos 0) = -e^z(0 + 1) = -e^z $$Substitute these into the expression for \( F'(z) \):
$$ F'(z) = e^z – i(-e^z) $$ $$ F'(z) = e^z + i e^z = e^z(1 + i) $$Integrate \( F'(z) \) with respect to \( z \):
$$ F(z) = \int e^z(1+i) \, dz $$ $$ F(z) = (1+i)e^z + C $$Where \( C \) is an arbitrary complex constant.
Now, recall from Step 1 that \( F(z) = (1+i)f(z) \). Substitute this back:
$$ (1+i)f(z) = (1+i)e^z + C $$Divide the entire equation by \( (1+i) \):
$$ f(z) = e^z + \frac{C}{1+i} $$Since \( \frac{C}{1+i} \) is just another constant, let’s call it \( c \).
$$ f(z) = e^z + c $$
