HPAS 2019 Mains GS-2 Question 7
Discuss various welfare schemes for women in India.
Solution:
Introduction
Women’s welfare is critical for achieving inclusive development and gender equality in India. The Constitution provides for equality (Articles 14, 15(3), 39(a), 42), and the government has launched multiple schemes to empower women socially, economically, and politically.
Welfare Schemes for Women
1. Health and Nutrition
- Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): Provides maternity benefits to pregnant and lactating women.
- Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): Promotes institutional deliveries and reduces maternal mortality.
- Poshan Abhiyaan: Focuses on improving nutrition for women and children.
2. Education and Skill Development
- Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP): Promotes survival, protection, and education of the girl child.
- Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY): Savings scheme for the girl child’s future education and marriage.
- Skill India / UDAAN: Provides skill training and employment opportunities to women.
3. Economic Empowerment
- National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM): Supports women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and income generation.
- Mahila E-Haat: Digital platform for women entrepreneurs to market products.
- Stand Up India Scheme: Facilitates loans to women entrepreneurs from SC/ST/OBC categories.
4. Safety and Legal Support
- One Stop Centres (OSC): Assistance for women affected by violence.
- Nirbhaya Fund initiatives: Strengthen women’s safety programs.
- Women Helpline (181): Provides emergency support.
5. Social Security and Pension
- Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS): Financial support to widows.
- Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PMSYM): Pension for women workers in the unorganized sector.
Conclusion
These schemes collectively aim to ensure holistic development, empowerment, and protection of women. Effective implementation and awareness are key to maximizing their impact.
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