Author name: poonam poonam

1. Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (1827–1890) Key Social Reforms: Literary Works (Chronology & Themes): 2. Savitribai Phule (1831–1897) Paramhans Mandali (1849, […]

Topic 1: Doctrine of Lapse (1848–1856) 1. The Policy 2. Chronology of Annexed States Remember the mnemonic: Sajjan Singh Bhag

Maharashtra Social Reformers MH Social Reformers 1812–1846 Balshastri Jambhekar “Father of Marathi Journalism” Profession: 1st Indian Asst. Prof at Elphinstone

1917 – Champaran Satyagraha, Bihar Significance: Gandhi’s First Civil Disobedience in India (Localized movement). ● The Issue: The Tinkathia System

🇿🇦 The South African Phase (1894–1914) 🏛️ 1894 – Natal Indian Congress (NIC) 📜 1894–1906: The Moderate Phase Strategy: “Prayer

1. The Mainstream & Splinter Parties These groups either emerged from the Indian National Congress (INC) or were closely tied

I. The Arrival & Observation (1915–1916) II. The Three Experiments (CAKE) (1917–1918) III. The Bridge: The Great Divorce & Betrayal