prepared in 2002 . updated released in 2021 because of Nagoya 10th cop summit and India commitment to CBD during 2010-2020 . hence national institute of public finance and policy drafted it .

hp strategy and acting plan on climate change 2012 complemts it .

1. Wild Flora and Fauna

i. Protected Areas (PAs)

Need for re-strategizing of PAs through spatial analysis to determine changes in forest cover using remote sensing applications.
Adoption of participatory resource management strategy across all PAs in the state.
Undertake training and awareness campaigns for local governance bodies and community members.
Identify opportunities for networking in the context of biodiversity conservation.

ii. Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC)

Develop a comprehensive database for HWC along with nature and extent of conflicts.
Conduct district-wise scientific investigation on:
- Richness of wild animals
- Habitat characteristics
- Land-use patterns
- Availability of prey species
Key interventions:
- Plant more fruiting trees in forests to reduce crop raiding
- Identify grazing zones and mark them
- Revive degraded uphill pasturelands for animals like Ibex and blue sheep
- Periodically clear shrubs to allow free movement of animals

iii. Forest Fires

Strengthen data on forest fire, especially documenting causes of increased incidents.
Conduct gap analysis of current forest fire management (fire stations, equipment, manpower).
Explore Fire Danger Rating System to assess daily fire potential based on fuel, weather, topography, etc.
Provide training to local communities for prescribed burning.

iv. Restoration Potential

Explore suitability of ROAM methodology developed by WRI.
Identify native tree species and associated value chain for:
- Livelihood diversification
- Income generation for local communities

v. Preparation of People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs)

Expedite preparation of PBRs as per Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Supplement PBRs with regular scientific surveys to update key threatened, critical, endangered, vulnerable, and rare species.

vi. Wildlife Crime

Identify gaps in staff training and funding based on security audits.
Design training modules for enforcement agencies.

vii. Invasive Alien Species

Involve cottage industries and incentivize them to utilize invasive species.
Examples:
- Lantana Camara → bioethanol fuel
- Fresh root of Ageratina Adenophora → antibacterial qualities

viii. Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS)

Identify BHS with active involvement of local institutions and communities.
Use GIS mapping to delineate boundaries.

ix. Database

Strengthen ENVIS HP portal to serve as a repository of credible biodiversity data.
Include endangered, extinct, rare, threatened, vulnerable species and trends in species composition.

x. In-situ Conservation

Identify sites for restoration for conservation of native species.
Plan for long-term environmental monitoring.
Preserve traditional knowledge regarding crop breeding, especially for economically important crops.

xi. Ex-situ Conservation

Conserve genetic diversity of threatened flora and fauna.
Strengthen seed banks for seed and germplasm collection.

xii. Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs)

Introduce a focused program to create a value chain through partnership between industry and local communities.
Target commercially viable MAPs at risk due to unscientific extraction.

2. Agriculture and Biodiversity

i. Organic Farming

Introduce support programs for niche organic products:
- Peas, Kala Jeera, Wild Garlic, Kuth, Kutki
Focus on branding, labelling, and marketing.

ii. Community Seed Banks

Establish community seed banks to:
- Make local varieties available to farmers
- Monitor quality seed production
- Respond to threats to plant genetic resources due to climate change

iii. Fodder Management

Revive degraded pasturelands regularly using native species.
Establish fodder banks in alpine areas:
- Help local communities in winter
- Reduce pressure on grazing lands

iv. Irrigation

Promote khuls (traditional irrigation), rainwater harvesting, solar energy, and pumps.
Revise small hydro power policy to address diversion of water from micro irrigation systems like Kuhls.

v. Agro-forestry

Use agro-forestry to rehabilitate degraded land in line with existing crops and livestock needs.
Set up high-tech nurseries in higher altitudes to provide viable planting material.

vi. Bio-control Agents

Promote bio-control agents.
Provide on-farm training for proper Pesticide Application Technology to ensure:
- Minimum residue
- Reduced pesticide risk

vii. Adaptation towards Climate Change

Map fragile ecosystems and demarcate as “No-go zones”.
Ensure availability of:
- Drought resilient seeds
- Public health measures for heatwaves, cold-waves, vector-borne diseases
- Disaster risk reduction strategies
- Water management
- Climate-smart agriculture

3. Animal Husbandry and Biodiversity

i. Promoting Genetic Diversity

Strengthen conservation and promotion of indigenous animal species.

ii. Stray Cattle Management

Involve local institutions and communities for effective stray cattle management.
Design mechanisms to identify and punish defaulters who abandon unproductive cattle.

iii. Diseases among Livestock

Conduct studies to identify diseases, causes, and etiological agents.
Assess impact of these diseases on bovines across districts.

iv. Diseases among Migratory Livestock

Ensure compulsory vaccination of cattle before grazing uphill by nomadic/semi-nomadic communities.
Prevent spread of diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease.

v. Yak Population

Facilitate artificial insemination using yak semen in remote regions to increase yak population.

vi. Fodder Management

Train farmers to improve nutritive value and taste of crop residues as feedstock.
Example: 21-day treatment process by ICRISAT, Karnataka.

vii. Grazing Policy

Formulate a Grazing Policy to outline management and development guidelines for pasturelands in the state.

4. Aquatic Biodiversity

i. Wetlands

Identify degraded wetlands and develop site-specific restoration plans.

ii. Revival of Fish Species

Strengthen fish brood banks, especially for native species like mahseer.
Explore designating deep river pools as fish sanctuaries in consultation with Fisheries Department.

iii. Construction of Dams

Conduct E-flows assessment to determine river health.
Ensure compliance of hydropower projects with lean season water flow mandates.
Make small flow regime adjustments during hydro peaking to conserve shoreline and riverbed habitats.

iv. Fish Movement

Mandate channels and structures to prevent obstruction of fish movement through dams.

v. Pollution

CPCB identified 7 polluted river stretches in HP.
Actions needed:
- Study gap between sewage generation and STP capacity
- Plan additional pipelines to treat effluents before river disposal
- Public involvement in reporting industrial discharges

5. Microbial Diversity

i. Microbial Diversity Database

Document microbial diversity across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Prepare web-based curated database.

ii. Application of Microbes in Farming

Utilize Plant Growth Promoting Microbes (PGPM) as substitute for agri-xenobiotics.

iii. Conservation of Aquatic Microbial Diversity

Include microbial biodiversity in project impact assessments.
Develop indicators to monitor microbial diversity.

iv. Direct-fed Microbes

Explore Direct-fed Microbes to augment indigenous cattle performance.

6. Tourism

i. Ecotourism

Capacity building for local communities in “high-value, low-impact” tourism.
Converge Forest Department Ecotourism Policy and Tourism Department Policy.

ii. Carrying Capacity

Conduct carrying capacity studies to limit tourists in ecologically fragile areas.

iii. Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Explore PES model to incentivize community participation in biodiversity conservation.

iv. Impact Assessment

7. Economic Valuation and Natural Capital Accounting

i. Economic Valuation of Biodiversity

Focus on economic valuation of bio-resources for Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) mechanism.
Support studies for measurement of economic value of state bio-resources for appropriate benefit-sharing.

ii. Natural Capital Accounting

Explore application of Natural Capital Accounting across all sectors in HP.

8. Education, Awareness, and Training

i. Environmental Education

Mainstream environmental studies in education to increase biodiversity awareness.

ii. Awareness through Communication Media

Promote awareness via short films, documentaries, and print media.

iii. Community-Based Natural Resource Management

Promote collaboration among:
- Self-governing bodies (Praja Mandals, Panchayats)
- VDFCs, JFMCs
- Local administration
- Research institutes and NGOs

iv. Development of Portal

Develop a portal to document and share national & international best practices for functionaries and stakeholders.

9. Policies, Laws, and Institutions

i. Procurement of Green Products

Develop sustainable public procurement manuals for line departments.
Encourage procurement of green products using life-cycle costing.

ii. Community Participation

Explore Adaptation Coalition Framework (ACF) to create community institutions for long-term climate resilience.
Facilitate coalitions/alliances of local communities and mobilize human, social, and financial assets.

iii. Investment in Agricultural Research

Increase investment in:
- Agricultural research, infrastructure, technology development
- Plant gene banks

iv. Regional Cooperation

Promote regional cooperation between Himalayan states.
Strengthen existing mechanisms and explore new agreements.

SBSAP Resource Mobilisation Strategy Notes

Overview

Total Additional Funding Required: ₹51.795 crore per annum for SBSAP implementation
Finance needs assessment: Detailed in Table 7.1 of the report
Seven strategic approaches identified for mobilising additional funds

Strategy 1: Leveraging Existing Sources

Key Programs to Utilize

CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority)
MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)
PKVY (Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana)
RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana)
KUSUM (Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan)
NMSA (National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture)

Implementation Approach

Build synergies between SBSAP and existing state programs
Convince line departments to incorporate SBSAP action points in annual programs
Establish inter-departmental group for coordination
Develop annual/multi-year plans before budget finalization

Strategy 2: Rationalisation of User Charges & CSR

Protected Areas (PA) Revenue Enhancement

Revise entry fees based on:
- Demand for the PA
- Pristine nature and services offered
Establish Local Trust Fund for each PA
Levy conservation cess on tourism activities in 4-5 sq km area around PAs

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Improvement

Current Challenges:

Long gestational period
Poor awareness
Intangible results

Solutions:

Strengthen awareness strategies through SBB
Develop project pipeline in priority areas
Collaborate with IBBI and other associations/federations

Strategy 3: Levy Charges on Identified Sectors

Land Acquisition & Development Fund (LADF) and District Mineral Fund (DMF)

Earmark up to 50% of annual accruals for biodiversity conservation
Route through existing Environment Fund

Tourism Biodiversity Cess

Levy 5-8% on revenue from tourism activities
Apply irrespective of department involved

Current Status

Highly underutilised revenue source in India and HP
Potential remains untapped

Recommended Actions

Conduct detailed study on ABS potential and implementation challenges in HP
Encourage bio-prospecting proactively
Ensure equitable distribution of conservation benefits
Link sustainable resource use with conservation funding

Strategy 5: Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Mechanism Overview

Market-based approach linking geographically disparate providers and beneficiaries
Puts price on un-priced services like climate regulation, water quality, wildlife habitat
Integrates ecosystem services into wider economy

HP Policy Framework (2013)

Eligible Ecosystem Services:

Soil erosion control
Sediment load reduction
Fire control
Water discharge in streams and springs (especially potable water)
Carbon sequestration
Rehabilitation of weed-infested areas
Organic and conservation agriculture
Conservation horticulture
Pollination and biodiversity conservation

Potential Funding Sources

International donors
Impact investment funds
Private donors

Strategy 6: Carbon Credits

Market Opportunity

Creates market for reducing greenhouse emissions
Assigns monetary value to pollution costs
NITI Aayog estimates: India can access USD 50-60 billion through natural farming and agroecology

HP Implementation Opportunities

Pangi in Chamba: Already practices natural farming
SECURE Landscape: Part of area follows natural farming
Restoration programmes: Potential source for earning carbon credits
Register environment-friendly practices and initiatives

Strategy 7: Financial Technology (Fintech)

Benefits

Increases breadth and depth of conservation finance
Reduces transaction costs
Improves economic efficiency
Overcomes scale issues
Works effectively at retail level

Technology Advantages

Reduces cost of:
- Transactions
- Credit investigation
- Resource matching
Proven success stories available

Recommended Application

SBB should explore fintech solutions for addressing man-animal conflicts

Key Implementation Considerations

Coordination Requirements

Inter-departmental collaboration essential
Budget planning alignment across line departments
Stakeholder awareness and engagement

Success Factors

Strategic partnerships with existing programs
Innovative financing mechanisms
Technology integration for efficiency
Market-based approaches for sustainability

Monitoring and Evaluation

Track fund mobilisation progress
Assess impact of each strategy
Adjust approaches based on performance data