Match List I with List II:
List-I (Important wars)
- (a) First Carnatic War
- (b) Third Carnatic War
- (c) First Anglo-Mysore War
- (d) Second Anglo-Mysore-War
List-II (End with Treaty)
- (i) Treaty of Madras
- (ii) Treaty of Mangalore
- (iii) Treaty of Paris
- (iv) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Show Answer & Explanation
Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation:
The correct matching of the wars to the treaties that ended them is:
- (a) First Carnatic War (1746–48): Ended by the (iv) Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which concluded the War of Austrian Succession.
- (b) Third Carnatic War (1756–63): Ended by the (iii) Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Seven Years’ War.
- (c) First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–69): Ended by the (i) Treaty of Madras, dictated by Hyder Ali.
- (d) Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–84): Ended by the (ii) Treaty of Mangalore, signed by Tipu Sultan.
Therefore, the correct option is (C).
📚 Additional Info: Carnatic & Mysore Wars
(a) First Carnatic War & Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
- Context: A proxy war in India between the British and French, reflecting the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe.
- Key Outcome: The treaty restored the status quo. The British got Madras back from the French, and the French got their territories in North America back. It proved that European conflicts would now decide Indian matters.
(b) Third Carnatic War & Treaty of Paris (1763)
- Context: A proxy war reflecting the Seven Years’ War in Europe.
- Key Battle: The decisive Battle of Wandiwash (1760), where the British routed the French forces.
- Key Outcome: This treaty ended French ambitions in India. The French were allowed to retain their “factories” (like Pondicherry) but were barred from fortifying them, effectively establishing British supremacy.
(c) First Anglo-Mysore War & Treaty of Madras (1769)
- Combatants: Hyder Ali of Mysore vs. the British East India Company.
- Key Outcome: A major victory for Hyder Ali. The British were forced to sign a humiliating treaty at the gates of Madras. It included a defensive alliance, obligating the British to help Hyder Ali if he was attacked by another power.
(d) Second Anglo-Mysore War & Treaty of Mangalore (1784)
- Combatants: Hyder Ali (died in 1782) and his son Tipu Sultan vs. the British.
- Context: The British failed to honor the Treaty of Madras when Hyder was attacked by the Marathas, leading to this war.
- Key Outcome: The war ended in a stalemate. The Treaty of Mangalore, signed by Tipu Sultan, restored all conquered territories to their original owners (status quo ante bellum).