Match List I with List II:
List-I (Function)
(a) Absorption of food
(b) Killing of bacteria
(c) Chewing of food
(d) Formation of faeces
List-II (Part of digestive canal)
(i) Stomach
(ii) Large intestine
(iii) Small intestine
(iv) Buccal cavity
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
(B) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
(C) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(D) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
The correct answer is (A) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii).
Explanation
Here’s the correct matching of each digestive function with the part of the digestive canal where it primarily occurs:
- (a) Absorption of food mainly takes place in the (iii) Small intestine. Its long length and inner lining of finger-like projections called villi provide a vast surface area for nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
- (b) Killing of bacteria is a key function of the (i) Stomach. It secretes strong hydrochloric acid, which creates a highly acidic environment that destroys most harmful pathogens ingested with food.
- (c) Chewing of food, also known as mastication, is the first step of digestion. This mechanical breakdown of food by the teeth happens in the (iv) Buccal cavity (the mouth).
- (d) Formation of faeces occurs in the (ii) Large intestine. After the small intestine has absorbed the nutrients, the large intestine absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and compacts it into faeces.
Other Key Digestive Functions and Locations
🧪 Initial Protein Digestion – Stomach
- The enzyme pepsin, activated by stomach acid, begins the chemical breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides.
🍞 Initial Carbohydrate Digestion – Buccal Cavity (Mouth)
- The enzyme salivary amylase, present in saliva, starts breaking down complex carbohydrates (starches) into simpler sugars.
🧈 Fat Digestion – Small Intestine
- Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies large fat globules into smaller droplets. Then, the enzyme lipase, primarily from the pancreas, breaks down these fats.
🧪 Major Enzyme Production – Pancreas
- Though not part of the digestive canal itself, the pancreas is a vital accessory organ that produces a cocktail of powerful digestive enzymes (including amylase, lipase, and trypsin) that are released into the small intestine.